Factors associated with happiness among older persons attending a geriatric centre in southwestern Nigeria

Lawrence Adekunle ADEBUSOYE¹, Oluwagbemiga OYINLOLA², Oladipo Kunle AFOLAYAN³, Eniola Olubukola CADMUS⁴*

1. Family Physician and Geriatrician, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
2. Department of Medical Social Services, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
3. Chief Tony Anenih Geriatric Centre (CTAGC), University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
4. Consultant Community Physician, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Eniola Olubukola CADMUS; E-mail: eniyolacadmus@gmail.com

Abstract
Introduction
Happiness is an important indicator of physical and mental health, especially in older persons. Despite the growing interest, empirical insights into the factors influencing happiness among older persons in many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, are lacking. The present study assessed the factors associated with happiness among older persons.
Methods
A cross-sectional study of 378 older persons (≥60 years) attending a geriatric care facility in Ibadan city, Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria, was conducted. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Happiness was determined using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a 5% significance level.
Results
Mean age of the respondents was 72.8±7.1 years, and 67.5% were females. Overall, 313 (82.8%) respondents were happy. The most significant factors associated with happiness on logistic regression analysis were having fewer children (OR=2.041; 95%CI= 1.091–3.818, p=0.025), formal education (OR=2.850; 95%CI= 1.280–6.344, p=0.010), absence of depression (OR=12.942; 95%CI= 4.699–35.641, p<0.0001) and engagement in occupational activities (OR=2.870; 95%CI= 1.006–8.187, p=0.049).
Conclusion
A high level of happiness was reported among the older persons in the study and influenced by non-modifiable socio-demographic and modifiable mental health factors. Holistic healthcare provision must include screening for mental health issues and targeted intervention to alleviate such problems among older persons to improve their happiness.
Keywords: Happiness, Mental health, Nigeria, Older persons, Physical health