BiInferApp: A Shiny Application for Bidirectional Inference between P-values and Confidence Intervals for epidemiological measures of effects in R software

Wingston Felix Ng’ambi¹, Adamson Sinjani Muula^2-4

1. Health Economics and Policy Unit, Department of Health Systems and Policy, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Lilongwe, Malawi
2. Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Herbal Medicine (ACEPHEM), Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
3. Professor and Head, Department of Community and Environmental Health, School of Global and Public Health
4. President, ECSA College of Public Health Physicians, Arusha, Tanzania

*Correspondence: Wingston Ng’ambi; E-mail: wingston.ngambi@gmail.com

Abstract
This paper introduces an interactive Shiny web application designed to facilitate bidirectional statistical inference by allowing users to derive p-values from reported confidence intervals and vice versa. The tool serves as a practical resource for researchers, students, and reviewers aiming to verify or reconstruct statistical evidence from in-review and published results. The app supports common scenarios in epidemiology, clinical trials, and social science research, with a focus on odds ratios, and risk ratios. The publication discusses the underlying statistical formulas, app functionality, user interface design, and potential for integration into meta-analysis and reproducibility pipelines.